Vietnam Journal of Infectious Diseases

DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER BURDEN AND PREVENTION IN VIETNAM: EXPERT ASSESSMENT AND OPINION

Ngoc Pham — 2025-04-16

Dengue is an infectious disease caused by the Dengue virus, transmitted from an infected person to a healthy individual through mosquito bites. In Vietnam, the disease occurs year-round, typically increasing during the rainy season, affecting both children and adults. Dengue can progress acutely, causing shock, coagulation disorders, organs failure, life-threatening complications, and death. In recent years, the outbreak of the disease has shown increasingly complex patterns both globally and in Vietnam. The number of recorded cases remains very high each year and continues to rise, with a significant number of cases going unreported. The epidemic cycle of Dengue outbreaks has changed due to various factors, including the impact of climate change, urbanization, rising average temperatures, and increased domestic and international travel. The Dengue vaccine - TAK-003 has been proven effective and safe through research that meets the standards of the World Health Organization. In Vietnam, this vaccine has been approved and is indicated for individuals aged 4 years and older. Experts from the Vietnam Infectious Diseases Association have consensus on the burden of Dengue in Vietnam, the complexity of its epidemiology, and its increasing trend. The association recommends proactive prevention through Dengue vaccination (TAK-003) for individuals aged 4 years and older, without requiring prior infection screening. They emphasize the importance of ensuring safe implementation while continuing to update and supplement data on the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of the TAK-003 vaccine worldwide.

A CASE REPORT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION DUE TO MULTI-RESISTANT KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIA IN A PATIENT WITH ANTERIOR URINERAL STENOSIS DUE TO INJURY

Thuong Viet Tran — 2025-04-16

In this report, we present a case of a 55-year-old male patient with a history of anterior urethral trauma 30 years ago. The patient experienced urinary leakage and underwent endoscopic urethrotomy at Hanoi Medical University Hospital. One month post-surgery, the patient had difficulty urinating again and subsequently underwent urethral dilation. One day after dilation, the patient exhibited high fever, chills, and hypotension, requiring resuscitation and transfer to the National Hospital for Tropical Diseases for treatment. After stabilization, the patient was transferred to the General Surgery Department, where a urethral stent was placed. Following surgery, the patient had good urinary function and was discharged. However, one month later, he was readmitted with high fever and chills. Urine and blood cultures grew multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. The patient was treated with antibiotics according to the susceptibility test, but relapsed every month. During the last episode, K. pneumoniae was resistant to all antibiotics. The patient refused urethral stent removal, so the medical team decided to directly instill antibiotics into the bladder, with a dwell time of 2 hours per session, 3 times daily. After 14 days of treatment, the patient’s urine cultures were negative, and there has been no recurrence.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF COBAS 6800 SYSTEM FOR QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT OF HBV VIRAL LOAD

Thi Thao — 2025-04-16

Objects: To verify the quantitative HBV-DNA method by utilizing the COBAS 6800 automatic system and to evaluate the similarity between the COBAS 6800 system and the CAP/CTM 48 automatic system.Subjects and methods: Experimental application was conducted according to the CLSI MM06-A2 guideline. We used the positive controls to confirm the accuracy, repeatability and linearity of the COBAS 6800 system, and patient specimens to evaluate the similarity between the COBAS 6800 and the CAP/ CTM 48 system.Results: The repeatability, accuracy, and linearity of the COBAS 6800 were verified following the manufacturer's recommendations. The linearity was verified in a range of concentrations from 2.34 to 6.17 log10IU/mL (r2 = 0.997). The results for HBV-DNA quantification on the COBAS 6800 system were similar (-0.05 log10IU/mL) and correlated excellently with the CAP/CTM 48 system (r2 = 0.98). Conclusions: The results of HBV DNA quantitation on the COBAS 6800 system were accurate and correlated with the CAP/ CTM 48 system, rendering it a highly reliable clinical tool.

EFFICACY OF CEFTAZIDIME/AVIBACTAM IN THE TREATMENT OF SUPERINFECTION IN COVID-19 PATIENTS AT HOSPITAL FOR TROPICAL DISEASES

Quang Minh Ho — 2025-04-16

Introduction:Carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CRGNB) are a pressing infectious disease challenge, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic. According to IDSA, ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) is one of the preferred options for CRGNB. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of CZA in the treatment of in COVID-19 patients.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 118 COVID-19 patients with who indicated CZA treatment from 6/2021 to 6/2022.Results: The median age of patients in the study population was 58. Most patients were diagnosed with pneumoniae (77.12%). K. pneumoniae was the most common bacteria in the specimen (75.21%). Carbapenemase genes were detected in 60 specimens, of which the majority was OXA-48 (96.67%). Most patients received CZA as combination (94.92%) and the median duration of treatment with CZA was 10 days. Age ≥ 60, unconsciousness, shock, and OXA-48 were associated factors with mortality after 7 days of treatment with CZA. Using CZA in patients with positive PCR OXA-48 may increase survival at 7 days. Elderly patients, unconsciousness, shock, and urinary tract infection (UTI) were associated with mortality outcome.Conclusions: CZA is one of the antibiotics considered for treatment CRGNB, especially in CRE producing OXA-48 carbapenemase.

INVESTIGATION OF HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES, RESPIRATORY STATUS, ELECTROLYTES, ACID-BASE AND COAGULATION DISORDERS IN DENGUE SHOCK SYNDROME PATIENTS TREATED ADDITIONALLY WITH 10% ALBUMIN SOLUTION

Minh Dien Vu — 2025-04-16

Objectives:To investigate changes in hemodynamics, respiratory status, electrolytes, acid-base and coagulation disorders in patients with Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) treated additionally with 10% albumin solution.Subjects and methods:86 pediatric patients diagnosed with Dengue fever treated at City Children's Hospital, Prospective study, describing a series of cases.Results: 86 patients with DSS received an additional 10% albumin solution after failure with HES 130 6%, mean age of 6.4 years, overweight 20.9%. The hemodynamic study within 24 hours of infusion of 10% albumin solution showed improvement in shock with a significant decrease in mean pulse rate after 4 hours, improved pulse blood pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure. The mean erythrocyte package volume (Hct) after 2 hours of 10% albumin infusion was 41.4%, significantly improved compared with 43.6% initially and stabilized at 38.1 - 40.5% thereafter. There was a significant increase in serum sodium concentration at 18, 24 h (132.6, 133.5 mmol/L) after infusion of 10% albumin solution but remained within the normal range due to low baseline serum sodium concentration (mean 125.7 mmol/L). Blood chloride concentration increased but not statistically significant and within the normal range. There was no difference in pH, PaCO2, HCO3- at the time of 6, 12, 18, 24 hours compared to baseline while there was an improvement in base excess significantly at 6 hours compared to baseline, Blood lactate decreased significantly at 6 hours after infusion of 10% albumin solution, and blood lactate levels at 12, 18, and 24 hours were all within normal limits, APTT tended to increase nonsignificantly, PT did not change significantly at 12, 24 hours compared to baseline. The average amount of 10% albumin solution used was 15.6 ± 4.1 ml/kg over a mean duration of 5.3 ± 2.1 hours, Research showed that 10% albumin solution improved liver damage and respiratory failure. Albumin side effects recorded as urticaria of 2.3%, not recorded infusion reaction or anaphylaxis. No death was documented.Conclusions: The study provides clinicians with a reliable option of 10% albumin solution for the treatment of DSS when the source of dextran, 6% HES 200 solution is scarce. However, the application of 10% albumin solution needs to comply with the right indications at the right time to increase its effectiveness, avoiding its abuse and costing..

ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ TIÊN LƯỢNG Ở BỆNH NHÂN NHIỄM KHUẨN HUYẾT DO ESCHERICHIA COLI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN BỆNH NHIỆT ĐỚI TRUNG ƯƠNG

Minh Điền Vu — 2025-04-16

Mục tiêu:Nghiên cứu đặc lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và một số yếu tố tiên lượng ở bệnh nhân nhiễm khuẩn huyết do Escherichia coli (E. coli) tại Bệnh viện Bệnh Nhiệt đới Trung ương.Đối tượng và phương pháp: Mô tả tiến cứu 63 bệnh nhân nhiễm khuẩn huyết do E. coli, điều trị tại Bệnh viện Bệnh Nhiệt đới Trung ương từ ngày 01/01/2022 - 31/12/2022.Kết quả: Bệnh gặp ở nữ nhiều hơn nam (nam/nữ = 1,25/1), tuổi trung bình 61,76 ± 16,36 tuổi (từ 26 - 94 tuổi). Biểu hiện lâm sàng hay gặp: Sốt (82,5%), mạch nhanh > 100 lần/phút (54,0%), mệt mỏi (47,6%), da, niêm mạc nhợt (41,3%), thở nhanh ≥ 20 lần/phút (36,5%), ran phổi (27,0%), rì rào phế nang giảm (25,4%), vàng da - niêm mạc (23,8%), phù chi dưới (27,0%), ho (17,5%), khó thở (19,0%), đau bụng (15,9%), cổ trướng (15,9%). Các biến đổi về cận lâm sàng hay gặp: Giảm albumin máu < 32 g/L (85,7%), CRP > 100 mg/L (64,2%), PCT > 10 ng/mL (52,0%), tăng billirubin (62,2%), hemoglobin < 120 g/L (68,3%), hạ tiểu cầu (60,3%), giảm tỷ lệ prothrombin (58,2%), APTT b/c kéo dài (40,9%), tăng nồng độ fibrinogen (51,1%), tăng creatinin máu ≥ 176,8µmol/L (27,0%), ESBL dương tính 58,7%. Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân sốc nhiễm khuẩn là 12/63 (19,0%), suy đa tạng (SOFA ≥ 2) là 45/63 (71,4%), có 4 ca tử vong. Bệnh nhân có bệnh lý nền viêm gan mạn, xơ gan và tiểu đường có tỷ lệ suy đa tạng cao hơn (p < 0,05). Phân tích hồi quy logistic đa biến cho thấy: Nhịp thở ≥ 22 chu kỳ/phút (OR: 12,78, CI 95%: 2,11 - 77,23), HATT < 90 mmHg (OR: 0,03; CI 95%: 0,002 - 0,543), creatinin ≥ 176,8 µmol/L (OR: 5,74; CI 95%: 1,50 - 21,92) và PTC > 10 ng/L (OR: 12,14; CI 95%: 2,14 - 15,51) là các yếu tố độc lập có giá trị tiên lượng sốc nhiễm khuẩn (p < 0,05).Kết luận:Nhiễm khuẩn huyết do E. coli có biểu hiện lâm sàng đa dạng, có thể dẫn tới sốc nhiễm khuẩn, suy đa tạng và tử vong. Nhịp thở nhanh ≥ 22 chu kỳ/phút, HATT < 90 mmHg, creatinin ≥ 176,8 µmol/L và PTC > 10 ng/L là các yếu tố có giá trị tiên lượng độc lập sốc nhiễm khuẩn ở người bệnh..

DIỄN BIẾN NỒNG ĐỘ HBsAg Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH VIÊM GAN B MẠN TÍNH ĐƯỢC ĐIỀU TRỊ BẰNG CÁC THUỐC TƯƠNG TỰ NUCLEOS(T)IDE TẠI BỆNH VIỆN BỆNH NHIỆT ĐỚI TRUNG ƯƠNG

Minh Quan Tran — 2025-04-16

Mục tiêu:1. Đánh giá diễn biến nồng độ HBsAg ở người bệnh viêm gan virus B mạn tính được điều trị bằng nucleos(t)ide. 2. Tìm hiểu mối liên quan giữa sự biến đổi nồng độ HBsAg và một số dấu ấn sinh học của virus viêm gan B.Đối tượng và phương pháp:Nghiên cứu thực hiện kết hợp hồi cứu và tiến cứu 92 người bệnh được chẩn đoán viêm gan virus B mạn. Bệnh nhân nghiên cứu được theo dõi từ tháng 01 năm 2015 đến tháng 12 năm 2022 tại Khoa Khám bệnh - Bệnh viện Bệnh Nhiệt đới Trung ương.Kết quả:Nồng độ HBsAg ở cả hai nhóm người bệnh HBeAg(+) và HBeAg(-) đều giảm nhanh trong năm đầu tiên. Sau đó, nồng độ HBsAg của người bệnh nhóm HBeAg(-) có xu hướng giảm chậm hơn so với nhóm người bệnh HBeAg(+). Có mối tương quan yếu giữa nồng độ HBsAg với enzyme ALT và AST trên cả hai nhóm người bệnh HBeAg(+), HBeAg(-) ở cả thời điểm trước và sau điều trị. Có mối tương quan yếu, ít tương quan giữa nồng độ HBsAg với tải lượng virus trước và sau điều trị.

CLINCAL AND SUB-CLINCAL CHARACTERISTCS AND TREATMENT RESULT OF TUBERCULOSIS MENINGTIS AT NATIONAL HOSPITAL OF TROPICAL DISEASES

Van Giang Tran — 2025-04-16

Objectives: ADescribe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and treatment result of tuberculous meningitis at the National Hospital of Tropical Diseases.Methods and subjects:Retrospective descriptive study of 69 patients diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis treated at the Central Hospital for Tropical Diseases.Results and conclusions: age group 31 - 45 (37.7%), male (54.5%), fever (95.6%), headache (82.4%), nausea and vomiting (45.6%), stiff neck (93%), consciousness from lethargy to coma 38.2%, sphincter disorder 15.8%, hemiplegia (5.3). CSF: Clear color (44.9%), increased pressure (84.1%). Protein concentration (abnormal) 2.1(1.4) g (increase over 1g is 89.9%), sugar decreased (68.1%). The average cell count was 261 ± 429 cells (> 200 cells/mL was 56.5%). Imaging diagnosis: On brain MRI, 84.8% had abnormalities, including cerebral infarction (16.7%), ventricular dilatation (19.4%). Blood sodium concentration decreased (71.79%), average (128.98 ± 1.88). In 69 patients treated at the National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, the rate of stable and improved patients when discharged was 88.41%.

EVALUATION OF LIVER FIBROSIS IMPROVEMENT IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS TREATED WITH THE SOFOSBUVIR/VELPATASVIR/RIBAVIRIN REGIMEN

Van Huy Dinh — 2025-04-16

Hepatitis C has emerged as a significant global health concern. If left untreated, it can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer, ultimately leading to fatal outcomes.Objectives:To evaluate the improvement in cirrhosis among patients with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis treated with the sofosbuvir/velpatasvir and ribavirin regimen.Subjects and methods:A cross-sectional descriptive study with longitudinal follow-up was conducted, with assessments performed 12 weeks after the completion of treatment. Ninety-three patients were diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C based on the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Viral Hepatitis C, issued on April 29, 2021, under Decision 2065 of the Ministry of Health. These patients were treated with the sofosbuvir/velpatasvir and ribavirin regimen for 12 or 24 weeks and monitored for six months following treatment initiation.Results: The median Fibroscan index value before treatment was 30.8 kPa (IQR: 20.9 - 45.0). After 12 weeks of treatment, this value decreased to 20.6 kPa (IQR: 10.7 - 28.0), with statistical significance (p < 0.05). The APRI scores at baseline (T0), week 4 (T4), week 12 (T12), and week 24 (T24) were 2.1, 0.6, 0.5, and 0.7, respectively. Significant differences in APRI scores were observed between T0 and T4, T0 and T12, and T0 and T24 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the oral combination regimen of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir and ribavirin significantly improves liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis

ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIA CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS AT VINMEC TIMES CITY INTERNATIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL IN 2020-2022

Thi Thanh Nhiem Nguyen — 2025-04-16

Objectives:Determine the antibiotic sensitivity level of bacterial strains causing common urinary tract infections isolated at Vinmec Times City International General Hospital from January 2020 to June 2022.Subjects and methods:The study was conducted on 469 antibiogram results of common urinary tract infection bacterial species isolated from 01/2020 to 6/2022 at Vinmec Times City International General Hospital. The study used a cross-sectional, retrospective descriptive method with data from antibiogram results.Results and conclusions: E. coli was high sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics, fosfomycin nitrofurantoin; low sensitive to antibiotics: ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin 49.8%. The proportion of ESBLproducing E. coli was 42.6%. K. pneumoniae was high sensitive to carbapenem and fosfomycin; low sensitive to nitrofurantoin, quinolones (ciprofloxacin), amoxicillin/clavulanate, and cotrimoxazole. ESBLproducing K. pneumoniae at 30%. E. faecalis and E. faecium have different levels of sensitivity to common antibiotics. S. saprophyticus had high sensitivity to most antibiotics used.

ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU NĂNG PHÂN TÍCH MỘT SỐ XÉT NGHIỆM HÓA SINH THƯỜNG QUY TRÊN MÁY DxC 700 AU

Thi Ha An Luu — 2025-04-16

DxC 700 AU là hệ thống máy xét nghiệm mới nhất hiện nay của hãng Beckman Coulter được triển khai sử dụng tại thị trường Việt Nam thời gian gần đây. Hiệu năng sử dụng của hệ thống cần được xác nhận trong điều kiện vận hành thực tế làm căn cứ tham khảo khi lắp đặt triển khai diện rộng.Mục tiêu:đánh giá hiệu năng phân tích 10 xét nghiệm hóa sinh thường quy trên máy DxC 700 AU tại Khoa Hóa sinh - Bệnh viện Bệnh Nhiệt đới Trung ương.Đối tượng và phương pháp:Xác nhận độ chụm, độ đúng, LoQ, khoảng tuyến tính, xác định độ không đảm bảo đo theo hướng dẫn của CLSI và đánh giá hiệu năng phương pháp toàn thể bằng công cụ Six-Sigma trong 12 tháng đầu triển khai cho 10 xét nghiệm hóa sinh trên máy DxC 700 AU.Kết quả: Độ chụm, độ đúng, LoQ, khoảng tuyến tính, độ không đảm bảo đo của 10 xét nghiệm hóa sinh được xác nhận thỏa mãn các tiêu chí chấp nhận; có 16/20 kết quả Sigma đạt mức từ 3 trở lên và điểm Sigma có xu hướng tăng theo thời gian sử dụng máy.Kết luận:Hệ thống máy DxC 700 AU có hiệu năng phân tích 10 xét nghiệm hóa sinh thường quy phù hợp tiêu chuẩn chất lượng ISO 15189.

CHARACTERISTICS OF POST-OPERATIVE CARE FOR PATIENTS AFTER HEPATECTOMY FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA TREATMENT AT THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR TROPICAL DISEASES IN 2023

Thi Thuy Le — 2025-04-16

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of post-operative care for patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at the Hepatobiliary Surgery - Gastroenterology and Oncology Department.Subjects and methods:This is a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 33 patients who underwent hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma at the Hepatobiliary Surgery - Gastroenterology and Oncology Department, Central Tropical Disease Hospital, from March 2023 to September 2023.Results and conclusions: 100% of patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC treatment had their vital signs monitored, with the mean time for passing gas being 2.06 ± 0.7 days, the mean time to resume eating after surgery being 2.85 ± 1.3 days, and the average hospital stay being 19.21 ± 11 days. All patients were able to sit up on the first day after surgery. The care outcomes were rated as good in 97.0% of the cases. The results indicate that comprehensive post-operative care, especially nutritional support and early mobilization, plays a crucial role in the treatment outcome. Further studies are needed to improve nutritional status and enhance the quality of care.

ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN, LEARNING THE KNOWLEDGE OF CAREGIVERS FOR CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OLD AT THE VACCINATION CLINIC, NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR TROPICAL DISEASES 2023-2024

Thi Thom Hoang — 2025-04-16

Objectives: To evaluate the nutritional status and knowledge of caregivers of children under five years old at the vaccination clinic of the National Hospital for Tropical Diseases from 2023 to 2024.Subjects and methods:This cross-sectional descriptive study involved 82 children aged 0 - 60 months and 61 caregivers who accompanied them for vaccination at the National Hospital for Tropical Diseases during 2022 - 2023. Results:Among the children, 61.6% were aged 0 - 24 months, and 53.7% were male. The majority were from the Kinh ethnic group (91.5%) and lived in rural areas (74.5%). The average weight was 9.26 ± 0.34 kg, and the average height was 73.8 ± 1.31 cm. The prevalence of underweight was 11%, stunting was 18.3%, and wasting was 3.7%, with higher malnutrition rates observed in boys than girls. Regarding caregiver knowledge, 86.9% accurately identified food sources of animal protein, 82% identified sources of fats, 90.2% recognized carbohydrate sources, and 96.7% were knowledgeable about vitamin and mineral sources. Additionally, 75.4% of caregivers knew the appropriate timing for weaning, and 93.4% were aware of when to introduce complementary feeding. However, fewer caregivers were knowledgeable about the recommended number of meals for children according to age. Moreover, 72.1% of caregivers understood that children under one year should not consume salt.Conclusions:The prevalence of malnutrition among children attending the vaccination clinic at the National Hospital for Tropical Diseases remains relatively high. Although caregivers demonstrated substantial knowledge of basic nutrition, their understanding of complementary feeding practices was limited.

PREOPERATIVE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF LIVER CANCER PATIENTS AT NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR TROPICAL DISEASES IN 2023 - 2024

Thi Lien Ha Nguyen — 2025-04-16

Malnutrition is recognized as a preoperative risk factor for patients undergoing hepatobiliary surgery in general, and liver resection in particular. Assessing nutritional status can enable timely preoperative nutritional intervention.Objectives:Assessment of nutritional status of liver cancer patients before surgery at National hospital for tropical diseases in 2023 - 2024.Subjects and methods: A Cross-sectional descriptive study on 52 patients with liver cancer before liver resection surgery at National Hospital for Tropical Diseases.Results:Almost of the participants were male (90.4%) with a mean age of 55.1 ± 12.6 years. 46.2% of patients were at high risk of malnutrition according to PG-SGA. The proportion of patients with chronic energy deficiency according to body mass index (BMI) was 13,4%. Malnutrition according to mid upper arm circumference and serum albumin were 11.5%; 19.2% respectively. The rate of anemia according to hemoglobin is 7.7%.Conclusions:Preoperative nutritional status assessment for hepatobiliary surgery should be conducted using various methods to ensure accurate results, enabling timely interventions that improve nutritional status and overall treatment quality.

CURRENT STATUS OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF SURGICAL WOUND CARE OF NURSES AT THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL OF TROPICAL DISEASES IN 2024

Manh Ha Hoang — 2025-04-16

Objectives: Description of the current status of knowledge on preventing surgical site infections and surgical site care practices of nurses at the National Hospital of Tropical Diseases) in 2024.Subjects and methods:Cross-sectional description of nurses' knowledge of caring for surgical patients and cross-sectional description of surgical site care activities of nurses and midwives. Results:The average score for knowledge was 12.9 points (6.45 point on average on 10-point scale). The average score for practice was 22.9 points (7.6 points on average on 10-point scale). Achievement rate in knowledge and practice was over 90%, of which the classification of knowledge was: 3.3% excellent; 33.4% good; 23.3% fair; 36.7% average, and 3.3% poor; classification of practice was: 8.7% excellent; 37.4% good; 40% fair; 5.2% poor. Conclusions:No nurses and midwives achieved the maximum score in knowledge and practice. 96.7% of nurses and midwives achieved knowledge of general theory of preventing surgical site infections; 3.3% of the failure rate, of which: 73.3% answered correctly about the content of measures to prevent surgical site infection; 64.7% answered correctly about pre-operative care; 55.8% answered correctly about the content of post-operative care. 90% correctly assessed the condition of the surgical site; 51.3% did not spread cloth/paper under the dressing area; 30.9% did not arrange the instruments conveniently, did not pour the cleaning solution (physiological saline) into the nickel bowl; 61.9% did not perform the correct procedure to remove dirt from infected/discharging surgical sites; 47% achieved average rate of hand hygiene at all times during surgical site care practice..

RESULTS OF EARLY DETECTION OF HIV INFECTION AMONG INFANTS UNDER 18 MONTHS IN VIETNAM FROM HUE SOUTHWARD - 2022

Ton Tran — 2025-04-16

The Vietnamese Ministry of Health has released updated National Guidelines on HIV care and treatment, outlined in Decision 5968/QD-BYT dated December 21, 2021. This guideline aims to support the national target to eliminate mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV by 2030. One significant aspect of this guideline is the strong emphasis on early infant diagnosis (EID) of HIV infection among children under 18 months of age, particularly within the first 2 days of life and as soon as possible thereafter. This guideline recommends the use of nucleic acid tests employing molecular techniques.Objectives:A survey was conducted to collect data obtained from the EID of HIV infection in children under 18 months of age, aligning with the updated guidelines. The primary objective of the survey was to assess the effectiveness of the program to prevent MTCT of HIV and to identify factors that may be associated with the transmission of HIV from mother to child.Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional study on children under 18 months old exposed or suspected of being infected with HIV being managed/examined at pediatric outpatient clinics in regional provinces/cities from Hue to the South in 2022.Results and conclusions:In 2022, a total of 893 dried blood spot (DBS) specimens were collected for EID tests from Hue to Southern provinces. Out of those, 26 (2.9%) children were positive for HIV-1 infection using the real-time PCR technique. The prevalence of HIV-1 infection among children under 18 months of age varied based on the level of preventive actions: 0.7% for those who received adequate prevention, 5.4% for those with incomplete prevention, and 42.3% (p < 0.001) for those without any intervention. Factors associated with the MTCT of HIV include the full or partial participation in a program to prevent MTCT of HIV (p < 0.001), the timing of the child's diagnosis (p < 0.001), and the timing of the mother's HIV infection onset (p < 0.001). Despite the rate of perinatal transmission decreasing based on the effort to widely implement the PMTCT program, there are still cases where pregnant women with HIV have not accessed the intervention which demonstrates a high rate of HIV transmission (42.3%). Therefore, it is crucial to keep continuing efforts to enhance access and uptake of these interventions, which will further reduce the incidence of mother-tochild transmission of HIV.

OVERVIEW OF TESTING METHODS TO DETECT ER AND PR IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS IN THE WORLD AND VIETNAM IN THE PERIOD 2010-2024

Thi Ngoc Han Nguyen — 2025-04-16

Objectives:To describe testing methods to detect ER and PR in breast cancer patients in the world and in VietNam in the period 2010 - 2024.Objects and methods:Synthesize and analyze studies and reports on testing methods to detect ER, PR in breast cancer patients in the period 2010 - 2024 in the world and in Vietnam on major online medical databases such as: Medline/Pubmed, Cochrane library, Google Scholar and GLOBOCAN; Domestic medical journals; use Zotero 7.0 software to manage and cite collected documents.Results:22 studies and reports from around the world and in Vietnam were selected for the study, including 14 documents from around the world and 8 documents from Vietnam. In the period 2010 - 2024, in the world, the most popular testing method to detect ER, PR in breast cancer patients is Immunohistochemistry, followed by molecular biological techniques such as RT-qPCR and gene sequencing. In Vietnam, only Immunohistochemistry is used to detect ER, PR in breast cancer patients.Conclusions:During the period 2010 - 2024; In the world, there are 3 testing methods to detect ER and PR in breast cancer patients including Immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and gene sequencing, of which Immunohistochemistry is the most popular method; In Vietnam, Immunohistochemistry is the only testing method to detect ER and PR in breast cancer patients.