KHẢO SÁT MỘT SỐ CHỦNG VI KHUẨN GÂY BỆNH VÀ MỨC ĐỘ ĐỀ KHÁNG KHÁNG SINH TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC BUÔN MA THUỘT TỪ THÁNG 3/2022 ĐẾN THÁNG 02/2024

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to access prevalence and distribution of pathogenic bacteria, as well as evaluate antibiotic resistance levels exhibited by these bacteria trains at Buon Ma Thuot medical university hospital (BUH).
Methods: This study included 964 eligible medical records with 1038 bacterial strains isolated from patients diagnosed with infections that had positive bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Vitek 2 compact at the Buon Ma Thuot medical university hospital from March 2022 to
February 2024. The research method was a cross-sectional, retrospective study.
Results: There are six common pathogenic bacterial strains, among which the two most prevalent agents are Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with corresponding rates of 30.9% and 30.1%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus exhibited high resistance to penicillin (97.7%), clindamycin (84.1%), erythromycin (84.5%), tetracycline (69.7%),. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 86.2%, MRSA strains had higher multidrug resistance rates than non-MRSA strains (p < 0.001). Additionally, it remains sensitive to vancomycin (100%) and linezolid (99.6%). Escherichia coli exhibited high resistance to ampicillin (92.3%), cephalosporins (61.5-79.2%), ciprofloxacin (84.1%), levofloxacin (94%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (70.9%). The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli was 58.5%, and ESBL-positive strains had higher multidrug resistance rates than ESBL-negative strains (p = 0.021). However, it remained susceptible to carbapenems (> 90%). The appropriateness of empirical antibiotic use was 59.5%. Inappropriate use of empirical antibiotics was associated with increased treatment duration (p = 0.026).
Conclusions: The most commonly encountered pathogenic bacteria were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. The isolated bacteria have a high prevalence of multidrug resistance. Initiation of inappropriate antibiotic treatment is associated with increased treatment duration.