TỔNG QUAN BỆNH NHIỄM NẤM HISTOPLASMA

Abstract

Histoplasmosis is a common fungal infection acquired by inhaling spores, was first described in 1906 by an American physician, Samuel Darling in Panama. He described the disseminated form of the disease in a fatal case. There are two varieties of H. capsulatum that are pathogenic to humans, H. capsulatum var. capsulatum and H. capsulatum var. duboisii. Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus, exists as a mold in the environment and forms a white to tan colony on Sabouraud dextrose agar at 25 to 300C. H. capsulatum occurs most commonly in North America and Central America, and exists in many diverse areas around the world. Histoplasmosis may cause an acute primary pulmonary infection, a chronic cavitary pulmonary infection, or progressive disseminated infection. Diagnose using histopathology, cultures, and/or antigen testingy. Amphotericin B is treated in severe infection in a few weeks, followed by azole therapy. Itraconazole is the azole of choice following initial amphotericin B treatment or for primary treatment of mild to moderate histoplasmosis. Untreated progressive disseminated histoplasmosis has a mortality rate of > 90%.